Question 1

What is a good rental yield?

Accepted Answer

In the US, 6-8% gross yield is generally strong. Net yield after all expenses is typically 3-5%. High-demand cities (NYC, SF, LA) often have 2-4% gross yields but compensate with strong capital appreciation. Secondary markets can hit 8-12% gross with lower appreciation.

Question 2

What should I include in annual costs?

Accepted Answer

Property management (8-12% of rent), maintenance and repairs (~1% of property value per year), homeowner's insurance ($1,000-2,500/year), property tax (0.5-2.5% of value depending on location), vacancy allowance (5-10% of annual rent), and any HOA fees. Fully-loaded expenses often run 35-45% of gross rent.

Question 3

Gross yield vs net yield — which matters more?

Accepted Answer

Net yield always matters more — it's your actual return. Gross yield is useful for quick comparisons, but a 7% gross/3% net property in an expensive area might lose to a 6% gross/4.5% net property in a cheaper location. Always compare on net yield.

Question 4

Is rental yield the only metric that matters?

Accepted Answer

No. Total return = net yield + annual capital appreciation. A 3% net yield property in a high-growth area might outperform a 7% yield property with flat values. Most investors in major cities accept 2-3% yield in exchange for 4-7% annual price growth.

Question 5

How does leverage (mortgage) affect rental yield?

Accepted Answer

This calculator assumes a cash purchase. With a mortgage, your "cash-on-cash return" on the down payment can be much higher (or lower if interest rates are high). At 7% mortgage rates, a property yielding 5% net has negative leverage — you're paying more in interest than you're earning in rent, counting on appreciation to make up the difference.

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